Spring MVC项目框架

搭建基本的Spring MVC项目框架 最终目录结构 1. 创建Maven Web项目

// 建立名为spring-mvc-web的maven web项目
$ mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false -DgroupId=com.zmannotes.spring -DartifactId=spring-mvc-web

2. 修改pom.xml如下

4.0.0

<groupId>com.zmannotes.spring</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-mvc-web</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>spring mvc web</name>

<properties>
    <spring.version>4.2.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>

    <!-- spring mvc -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

</dependencies>

3. 修改web.xml如下

<display-name>Spring MVC Web</display-name>

<!-- 默认加载配置文件applicationContext.xml，配置web运行的上下文 -->
<listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

<!-- 指定请求分发器，所有.htm结尾的请求都会统一交给DispatcherServlet进行分发 -->
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>\*.htm</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<!-- 指定request和response编码，统一为utf-8 -->
<filter>
    <filter-name>CharacterFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>encoding</param-name>
        <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>force</param-name>
        <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>CharacterFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/\*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

4. 添加配置文件applicationContext.xml

<!-- 此文件定义共享的配置信息 -->

<!-- 加载配置文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder
        location="classpath:application.properties"/>

5. 添加配置文件dispatcher-servlet.xml

<!-- 扫描指定package下的Controller类 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zmannotes.spring.web.controller" />

<!-- 激活spring mvc功能 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>

<!-- 指定web页面根路径和拓展名 -->
<bean id="viewResolver"
    class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver">
    <property name="viewClass"
        value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
    <property name="prefix" value="/view/" />
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>

6 创建key-value配置文件application.properties（非必须）

key1=value1

7 创建HomeController.java

package com.zmannotes.spring.web.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

@Controller // 标明此类是一个Controller
@RequestMapping(“/home”) // 标明Url根路径为/home
public class HomeController {

@RequestMapping("hi")       // 标明Url子路径为hi
public String hi(
        @RequestParam(name = "name", defaultValue = "hacker") String name,
        Model model) {

    String msg = String.format("Welcome %s", name);

    model.addAttribute("msg", msg);

    // 返回名为home的页面
    return "home";
}

}

8 启动Web 8.1 启动

$ mvn jetty:run

8.2 看到如下信息，表明启动成功

…
[INFO] Started ServerConnector@2d64160c{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:8080}
[INFO] Started @12089ms
[INFO] Started Jetty Server

8.3 访问Url: localhost:8080/home/hi.htm?name=zman 源码 GitHub Q&A Q：applicationContext.xml与xxx-servlet.xml的关系？ A：servlet可以有多个，每个xxx-servlet.xml配置应当只配置此servlet专有的信息。而applicationContext.xml用来配置多个servlet共享的bean等信息，且是非必须的。